Chemistry Education in Singapore

Chemistry is a core science subject in Singapore's education system, covering the composition, structure, and properties of matter. It is available from Secondary 3 through Junior College.

Chemistry Levels

Level	Subject	Examination
Secondary 3-4	Pure Chemistry / Combined Science	O Level
JC 1-2	H1 Chemistry / H2 Chemistry	A Level

Physical Chemistry

Physical chemistry covers atomic structure, chemical bonding, energetics, and reaction kinetics. These foundational concepts underpin all chemistry.

Atomic Structure

Atomic models and orbitals
Electronic configuration
Periodic trends
Ionization energy

Chemical Bonding

Ionic bonding
Covalent bonding
Metallic bonding
Intermolecular forces

Inorganic Chemistry

Inorganic chemistry covers the periodic table, group chemistry, and transition metals. Understanding periodic trends is essential.

Inorganic Topics

Topic	Key Concepts
Periodic table	Groups, periods, trends
Group chemistry	Alkali metals, halogens, noble gases
Transition metals	Properties, complexes, catalysis
Qualitative analysis	Identification of ions

Organic Chemistry

Organic chemistry covers carbon compounds, functional groups, and reaction mechanisms. This is often the most challenging area for students.

Functional Groups

Alkanes and alkenes
Alcohols and carboxylic acids
Esters and amines
Carbonyl compounds

Reactions

Substitution reactions
Addition reactions
Elimination reactions
Oxidation and reduction

Getting Started

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Study Approach

Master fundamentals — Atomic structure and bonding underpin all chemistry topics.
Practice equations — Balance equations and understand stoichiometry.
Learn mechanisms — Understand how and why reactions occur.
Connect concepts — Chemistry topics are interconnected; see the bigger picture.